I was privileged to receive top billing at View from 1776 in my response to his Intelligent Design article. He responded to me with a long, well-written piece. But however articulate his words, his thoughts are still muddled. Here are eight of Brewton’s mistakes.
1. First, he mischaracterizes the nature of my disagreement. I did not, as he claims, disagree with his assertion about Newton’s fundamental postulate. I disagreed with his statement that Intelligent Design is incontrovertibly true while scientific orthodoxy “backfires.”
2. He makes the common mistake of lumping current theories of cosmology, biology, and anthropology into one philosophy called “Darwinism.” Darwin wrote exclusively about the evolution of life and avoided the topic of the origins of life. He definitely did not address the origins and evolution of the universe. Cosmology, biology, and anthropology all share the idea of change over time, but that is about all they share. To group them together is disingenuous or misinformed. Brewton also assumes that what Darwin wrote in 1859 represents that current state of the field. But 146 years have passed since then, with concomitant improvements in thinking.
3. He says “If Darwinians are correct, the universe just “is” and always has been in existence by virtue of some unknowable accident.” In reality, most scientist think that the universe was born about 15 billion years ago, not that is “has always been.” I won’t spend a lot of time on the origins of the universe, other than to say that the evidence supporting the current theories is far from circumstantial (cosmic background radiation, the Hubble blue shift, and results of stellar chromospectroscopy are three examples of hard, direct evidence).
4. He conflates “chance” with “accident.” Something happening “by chance” is not the same thing as something happening “by accident.” Chance means that there is a probability, however small, that something might happen. If you win the lottery, you don’t win it by accident, you win it by chance. Let’s reexamine his football game analogy. In the old days, extra points were drop-kicked. Then one day, as Brewton explains, “By accident someone kicked a ball while it was held by another player. As this proved to be more consistently effective, natural selection decreed that the latter practice survive.” Now, imagine this scenario: The kicker is randomly kicking. The football is randomly bouncing. A second player is randomly grasping for the ball. One day, all three random factors successfully but improbably converge, and the current practice of holding the football is born. Sounds silly, but that’s what Brewton would have you believe. In reality, the inherent properties of football and football players introduce the possibility, maybe even likelihood, that such a change to kicking may occur, and after a sufficiently large number of football games, the change does occur. Similarly, the inherent properties of carbon, such as its electron valence structure, make the eventual appearance of molecules that catalyze their own production (which is what DNA is, after all) possible, not by accident, but by chance.
5. He confuses the scientific theory of evolution with the many social and political theories that it created or enabled. Who cares what Huxley or Dewey said about evolution and relative morality? The deplorable practice of eugenics does not invalidate the theory of genetics. Hiroshima and Nagasaki do not render null the field of nuclear physics. We cannot call a scientific theory wrong simply because we dislike the outcomes or outgrowths of that theory.
6. I cannot state it more simply: Behe is wrong. Behe does a grand job of illustrating the amazing complexity of biochemistry, with examples such as vision and blood-clotting. But the only proof that these reactions are irreducibly complex is Behe’s statement that they are. In fact, irreducible complexity has been disproved many, many times. In the recent ID trial in Dover, PA, in which Behe was an expert witness for the defense, Behe was presented with literally stacks of books that overturned his claims.
7. What is Brewton's evidence for Intelligent Design? That physical, chemical, and mathematical laws exist. Why is that proof? Because Isaac Newton said so, and because Brewton can’t imagine an alternative explanation. Hardly compelling.
8. Brewton goes to great lengths to demonstrate that evolutionary theory is not a true scientific theory at all. This is a case of the pot calling the kettle black. ID fizzles on all the same grounds, while at the same time failing to explain: the nature of the designer (Brewton says God, but others are more circumspect); the method for implementing the design; the well-documented presence of design flaws; the purpose behind the design. What good is a theory that creates more questions than it purports to answer?
Brewton finally sees the light in his last paragraph:
Bottom line: what you hear on all sides about Darwinism having been proved by overwhelming evidence is not factual. All of the evidence is strictly circumstantial and all of the conflicting conclusions of Darwinists are no more than reasonable guesses. Darwinism MIGHT be true, but there is absolutely no way to prove it.
He is correct. Evolutionary theory is just that, a theory, but it just happens to be the best theory we have to explain the evidence we see around us. The key word is "reasonable," which ID is certainly not.
But let's be clear on one point. The debate between ID and Darwin is not a scientific debate by any stretch. It is a philosophical debate. It is a debate in which ID finds itself at a disadvantage because of its inherent weaknesses and so cloaks itself in scientific terms like irreducible complexity to give it the veneer of respectability. The Kansas State Board of Education had to dilute the very definition of "science" to allow the inclusion of ID in state curricula. We as a society can argue about increasing secularism, but we cannot call ID legitimate science.